Showing posts with label econ. Show all posts
Showing posts with label econ. Show all posts

Black-Scholes and Beyond: Option Pricing Models Review

Black-Scholes and Beyond: Option Pricing Models
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Neil Chriss' book, "Black-Scholes and Beyond" is the first book that I have found that clearly presents the fundamental thinking behind the Black-Scholes formula and all of the underpinning assumptions. I have looked long and hard for a book that can present to an interested and mathematically-adept reader a clear picture of the origin of the BS-formula. Books like Hull are poorly written and confusing to the uninitiated. Chriss, however, presents a logical case for the derivation of the BS-formula which has left me with an understanding of its ingredients and limitations. To flesh-out the BS limitations, Chriss presents 6 chapters on pricing options on Binomial Trees. Chriss' exposition presents trees as an alternative and powerful tool for the valuation of European, American, and exotic options. Trees are treated as a superset of tools to Black-Scholes and moreover as field of their own. The extensive bibliography has helped me track down journal articles on various related subjects so that I can further study the material.
Chriss presents a wealth of intuitive explanations to pricing options - explanations that help the reader gain a greater understanding of the limitations and problems that the current methods face. Often it is hard to find a text that presents in detail the shortcomings of a method or technique, but as any researcher would know, understanding the current limitations is fundamental to advancing the state-of-the-art. In this respect, Chriss goes way beyond any textbook available today.
The reader will find detailed explanations on how to use the BS formula and how to build binomial trees. Additionally, there is extensive material on how to build implied binomial trees and implied volatility trees. I have taken the time to write code to reproduce the material in the chapters and thus far I have had little difficulty, although the last couple of chapters could use a bit of augmentation. Nonetheless, I've read this book twice.
Chriss has done an outstanding job at presenting the material. I look forward to future revisions of this current book and to additional books that I hope he will write. Chriss has created a new standard in financial texts that I hope others adhere to.

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An unprecedented book on option pricing! For the first time, the basics on modern option pricing are explained ``from scratch'' using only minimal mathematics. Market practitioners and students alike will learn how and why the Black-Scholes equation works, and what other new methods have been developed that build on the success of Black-Shcoles. The Cox-Ross-Rubinstein binomial trees are discussed, as well as two recent theories of option pricing: the Derman-Kani theory on implied volatility trees and Mark Rubinstein's implied binomial trees. Black-Scholes and Beyond will not only help the reader gain a solid understanding of the Balck-Scholes formula, but will also bring the reader up to date by detailing current theoretical developments from Wall Street. Furthermore, the author expands upon existing research and adds his own new approaches to modern option pricing theory. Among the topics covered in Black-Scholes and Beyond: detailed discussions of pricing and hedging options; volatility smiles and how to price options ``in the presence of the smile''; complete explanation on pricing barrier options.

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Applied Equity Analysis: Stock Valuation Techniques for Wall Street Professionals Review

Applied Equity Analysis: Stock Valuation Techniques for Wall Street Professionals
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James English's "Applied Equity Analysis" is a how-to manual on evaluating stocks based on his 20 years of experience at JP Morgan. The book is very well-written and readable since the author employs plain english (no pun intended) to make his three major points: 1) accounting numbers--while by no means perfect--are excellent tools in evaluating stocks, 2) accounting-based stock valuation is superior to (but does not neccessarily supplant) cash flows, and 3) competition ensures that eye-popping financial performance doesn't last forever.
Contrary to another reviewer, English employs excellent examples to clarify and explain his points. Some examples: Gateway 2000's earnings history was used to explain how to find and interpret non-recurring items (NRI) on financial statements. Ratio analysis was demonstrated by looking at the PC industry in 1998. Emerson Electric was the company chosen to show why mature companies were still good buys. Many other examples abound, and English does a successful job in tying their relevance to his arguements.
But successful use of examples is not just the only strength of the book. The author also tackles a range of topics complete with insightful and clear discussions: the flaws of the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH), Economic Value Added (EVA), financial statement analysis, fundamental analysis, etc.
A quick glance at the table of contents below gives you an idea of the scope of English's book. I highly recommend this book to not just Wall Street analysts, anyone who is interested in finding fundamental value in evaluating stocks instead of following the crowd.
Pt. 1Getting Started
Ch. 1A Day in the Life
Ch. 2Fundamentals of Equity Valuation
Ch. 3Strategy and Competition I: The Firm's External Environment
Ch. 4Strategy and Competition II: The Firm's Internal Competitive Resources
Ch. 5Fundamentals of Stock Behavior
Pt. 2The Basic Tools
Ch. 6Reading a Financial Statement: The Accuracy, Sustainability, and Predictability of Financial Information
Appendix 6-1Gateway Financial Statements
Ch. 7Reading a Financial Statement: the Composition of Returns
Appendix 7-1Comparative Financial Analysis: Personal Computer Industry
Ch. 8Reading a Financial Statement: Early-Stage Companies and Investment Capacity
Ch. 9Reading a Financial Statement: Later-Stage Companies and the Transition to Maturity
Ch. 10Economic Value Added: An Alternative to Traditional Analysis Techniques
Appendix 10-1Gateway's Cost of Capital
Pt. 3Financial Models
Ch. 11Financial Modeling: Base Case Assumptions and Model Design
Appendix 11-1Dell Computer Corporation Consolidated Statement of Income
Ch. 12Financial Modeling: The Income Statement and Balance Sheet
Ch. 13Financial Modeling: The Statement of Cash Flows
Pt. 4Equity Valuation
Ch. 14Valuation: Foundations and Fundamentals
Ch. 15Combat Finance: Relative Methods and Companion Variable Models
Ch. 16Hybrid Valuation Techniques
Ch. 17The Quirky Price/Earnings Ratio
Ch. 18Valuation of Speculative Stocks
Ch. 19Equity Analysis and Business Combinations
Pt. 5Getting It Down on Paper
Ch. 20Financial Writing: Don't Bury the Lead
Bibliography
Index

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Applied Equity Analysis treats stock valuation as a practical, hands-on tool rather than a vague, theoretical exercise—and covers the entire valuation process from financial statement analysis through the final investment recommendation. Its integrated approach to valuation builds viable connections between a firm's competitive situation and the ultimate behavior of its common stock. Techniques explained include EVA, newer hybrid valuation techniques, and relative multiple analysis.

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